Reverse Engineer Assembly: Flags and Memory Addressing
Flags are special indicators used by the processor to signal the outcome of operations, these are stored in a special register called the flags register. Some common flags include:
Zero Flag (ZF)...
Kernel Explanation
The kernel is a fundamental part of any Operating System, acting as the bridge between software and hardware. It’s responsible for managing the system’s resources, allowing applications to interact with hardware...
Risk, Vulnerability and Threats
In cybersecurity, understanding the differences between risk, vulnerability, and threats is crucial for effective risk management and mitigation.
Risk
This is the potential loss, damage or destruction of an asset due to a...
LDAP Explained
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a protocol used to access and manage directory services over a network. It is commonly used to authenticate users, query user information, and manage resources...
How Tokenization Works
Tokenization is a data security technique where data is replaced by non-sensitive equivalents, called tokens. These tokens can be used in the system without exposing the sensitive data.
Where is Tokenization Used?
This...
Load Balancing
Load balancing is a process used to distribute network or application traffic across multiple servers, ensuring no single server becomes overwhelmed. Improving responsiveness and availability of applications, websites, and databases. Helping...
Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI)
This is the process of gathering, analysing, and utilizing information about potential or current threats to an organization’s digital assets focusing on understanding the threat landscape identifying threat actors, and anticipating...
Wi-Fi Standards and Protocols
802.11 Wi-Fi Standards
These refer to a set of standards for wireless local area network (WLAN) communication, developed by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).
802.11a → Operates in the 5GHz band...
System Failure Behaviours Explained
The terms “fail open”, “fail close”, "Fail Safe", "Failover" describe how systems behave when they encounter a failure or unexpected event. These concepts are crucial to maintain either availability or ensure...
True Positive vs False Positive vs True Negative vs False Negative
Understanding these concepts is crucial for accurate threat detection and response as it helps to evaluate and improve the accuracy of security measures, ensuring they are reliable and effective at detecting...
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What’s Log4j and Log4Shell vulnerability
Log4j is a widely-used Java-based library developed by Apache Software Foundation that’s designed to enable developers log various levels of information (trace, debug, info, warn, error, and fatal) from their applications for troubleshooting and monitoring purposes. It has appenders that are responsible for determining...
Network Topologies Explained
Bus Topology
This setup connects all devices (Network Nodes) in a sequence on a single cable or ‘bus’. Data travels back and forth along the bus, and devices listen for data meant for them.
Components:
Main Cable (Bus) - Central backbone of the network, to which all...
How NAT and PAT Works
Network Address Translation (NAT)
This is a method that allows multiple devices on a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address, which conserves the number of public IP addresses needed.
How it works
Private to Public - When a device on a private...